Monday, September 30, 2019

Community Health Project

Community Health Project- Part One – Identifying the Project's Focus Kathleen Rogers King Walden University November 26, 2012 Community Health Project-Part One -Identifying the Project's Focus This paper will identify a significant health issue and a particular population for a health management plan. Support for the significance of this health issue, and rationale for the selection of this population will be presented. Evidence about the population will be examined and discussed in regards to one asset and one challenge of this particular population.An approach to address the issue and the rationale for this choice will be provided with a minimum of five appropriate references. Health Issue and Population Defined as birth prior to 37 weeks gestation (ACOG, 2008), preterm birth affects about 12% of births in the United States. Preterm birth is an important public health priority costing over $26. 2 billion in 2005 according to the March of Dimes (2011) report on preterm birth. Prematurity is the second leading cause of death in children under 5 years, and the single most important cause of death in the first month of life (March of Dimes, 2011).More than 15 million babies are born too soon, with 1 in 8 babies born premature every year worldwide; of these, over 1. 1 million preterm babies die due to complications of prematurity (CDC, 2012). The cost of the first year of birth for a preterm infant is 10 times greater than for term infants (Howson, Kinney & Lawn, 2012). Support and Rationale Women and infants are a vulnerable population. Maternal mortality and morbidity disproportionally affect vulnerable populations of women, such as those living in poverty, facing racial and ethnic discrimination, and having limited language skills (Anderson & Stone, 2013).From a public health perspective infant mortality is considered the measuring stick for determining the health of the population, whereas maternal mortality is the divider between wealth and poverty (An derson, 2013). Eliminating racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic disparities is critical for quality health care outcomes (Shi & Stevens, 2010). Preterm births occur more often among certain racial and ethnic groups with non-Hispanic black mothers being 1. 5 times more likely to have a preterm baby, and that baby 3. times more likely to die than a non-Hispanic white baby (CDC, 2012). Sadly, although 90% of preterm babies in high-income countries will survive, 90% of preterm babies born in low-income countries will die (Presem & McDougall, 2012). The implications of being born too soon extend beyond the neonatal period and throughout the life cycle, resulting in serious consequences such as cerebral palsy, and chronic lung disease, as well as, intellectual impairment, learning difficulties, poor health, vision and hearing loss (Institute of Medicine, 2007).In general, the more immature the preterm infant, more life-support is needed, the risks of re-hospitalization are greater, and the b urden of lifetime problems more significant (IOM, 2007). Assets and Challenges Preventing preterm birth remains a challenge (CDC, 2012). There is no test that can accurately predict a preterm birth, very little is known about the causes and mechanisms of preterm birth, or about how to prevent a preterm birth, and few effective preventative strategies are available (March of Dimes, 2012; WHO, 2009; IOM, 2007).Once a woman is pregnant, most of the interventions to prevent preterm birth only delay onset long enough to administer steroids to the mother to help prevent respiratory distress in the infant after birth and transfer the mother and fetus to a hospital for the appropriate level of care (IOM, 2007). Studies indicate that many of the factors associated the preterm birth frequently occur together, particularly in minority women, or those who have low socioeconomic status (IOM, 2007).Medical conditions such as chronic hypertension, diabetes, infections, and stress are associated wi th preterm birth, as are any history of a preterm birth in a previous pregnancy, a family history of preterm birth, infertility, and a pregnancy of twins or triplets (IOM, 2007). Any significant gains to be made in the study of preterm birth will be in the area of prevention and eliminating disparities (IOM, 2007). Feasible, sustainable, cost-effective care solutions can be made available by collaboration, cooperation and alignment of services (WHO, 2012).Clinical research continues to identify ways to prevent preterm deliveries. For example, a progesterone medication (17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate or 17P) may prevent preterm birth among women who have had a prior preterm birth (CDC, 2012). Approaches and Interventions Addressing preterm birth is now an urgent priority for reaching the WHO, Millennium Development Goal 4 (WHO, 2012). Reducing child deaths by two-thirds by 2015 requires a rapid expansion of our global commitments to implement change (WHO, 2012).Collaborative a nd partnership management models have evolved for addressing action and prevention programs such as, the World Health Organization’s Every Woman, Every Child, Global Strategy for Women and Children’s Health, March of Dimes, Save the Children, Born too Soon, The Partnership for Maternal, Newborn & Child Health (PMNCH), and the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s 4 & 5) which aim to save the lives of 16 million women and children by 2015 (Howson et al, 2012; WHO, 2009).Nationally, the framework is complete; since 1980, the CDC’s Healthy People series has been based on core public concepts: population surveillance, population health, prevention and early intervention, identification of root causes, outcome assessment, and continuous feedback so that interventions can be adjusted appropriately (Manderscheid, 2009). To achieve the Healthy People objectives, it is essential to monitor improvement regularly to ensure the resources are directed app ropriately and effectively (Shi & Stevens, 2010).A set of ten measurable leading health indicators (LHIs) was developed, which also reflect the risks of preterm birth; these are physical activity, obesity, tobacco use, substance abuse, sexual behavior, mental health, injury and violence, environmental quality, immunization, and access to health care (Shi, 2010). Implementation and Rationale Implementing priority, evidence-based interventions for prevention include reducing unplanned adolescence pregnancies, short time gaps between births, unhealthy pre-pregnancy weight (underweight or obesity), substance abuse (e. g. tobacco use) and chronic disease (e. . diabetes, hypertension). Screening for infectious sexually transmitted disease (e. g. HIV, syphilis), and implementing early treatment can also help reduce the incidence of preterm labor (WHO, 2012). Internationally, all countries need to ensure universal access to comprehensive antenatal care, quality childbirth services and emerg ency obstetric care (WHO, 2012). In addition, workplace policies need to promote healthy pregnancies and reduce the risk of preterm birth including regulations to protect pregnant women from physically demanding work, and exposure to harmful pollutants (WHO, 2012).Greater provision for life-saving medications, supplies and services, as well as the resources and policies are needed to enable women and children adequate access to health care, especially skilled care at the time of birth (WHO, 2009). Empowering, and educating girls, providing health promotion, access to care for cost-effective interventions in contraception, and encouraging preconception family planning can increase the likelihood of healthy planned pregnancies, and improve preterm birth prevention according to the WHO, Born Too Soon: Global Action Report on Preterm Birth (Presem & McDougall, 2012).In addition, Kangaroo Mother Care (skin to skin incubation with mother) can cut preterm deaths in half saving an estimated 450,000 babies a year (Presem & McDougall, 2012). The provision of inexpensive antenatal corticosteroids and antibiotics is estimated to reduce the risk of breathing difficulties in premature babies, saving around 370,000 lives a year (WHO, 2012). Fontenot and Collins Fantasia (2012) concluded that 100mg of progesterone vaginally every night between 24 and 34 weeks gestation resulted in lower incidence of preterm labor, birth, and delivery.Approach and Action A recent article in The Lancet (2012), claims from a panel of experts, that five proven interventions could begin lowering preterm birth rates of 5 percent across 39 high-resource countries, including the United States, by 2015, and would prevent prematurity for 58,000 babies a year and $3 billion in health and economic costs (March of Dimes, 2012): * Eliminating early cesarean section deliveries and inductions of labor unless medically indicated; * Decreasing embryo transfers during assisted reproductive technologies; * Helpi ng women quit smoking; Providing progesterone supplementation to women with high risk pregnancies; * Cervical cerclage for high-risk women with short cervix. The majority of preterm births occur spontaneously with no known cause, recent studies show that a short cervix is the single best predictor of preterm birth. Slager and Lynne (2012) propose screening for shortened cervical length, a universal risk factor, in conjunction with a proven clinical intervention by transvaginal ultrasound.Although not available in all areas, transvaginal ultrasound is the most reliable method to evaluate cervical length, it is found to be most effective for risk estimates under 30 weeks gestation, and predictive results were improved by combining with obstetric history (Slager, J. & Lynne, S. , 2012). The combination of positive fetal fibronectin (fFN) testing and cervical length less than 25 mm is a strong predictor of impending preterm birth (Tharpe, Farley, & Jordan, 2013).As a MSN educator, my go al will be to educate nursing, midwifery, and medical students in the principles and methods of assessment, prevention and early intervention of preterm birth indicators. On the Perinatal Special Care Unit of my employment, a new system of prenatal education will be proposed to administration detailing the benefits of group prenatal care in reducing low birth weight in premature babies (Massey, Schindler Rising, & Ickovics, 2006). Centering Pregnancy Prenatal Care ModelCentering Pregnancy group prenatal care is an innovative model of care for addressing the complex psychosocial needs of the mother and her family. Centering Pregnancy prenatal care promotes relationship-centered care, facilitates learning, develops mutual support, and strengthens the opportunities for communication and nurturing among women. Centering Pregnancy prenatal care encourages social networking, supportive relationships with their significant other are developed, women experience less stress, fewer pregnancy complications, and fewer adverse neonatal outcomes (Massey et al, 2006).Research indicates that prenatal social support has been associated with improved fetal growth and greater infant birth weight. Good social support can improve birth outcomes; measured in longer gestations and significantly larger babies, increase women’s confidence, satisfaction, and increase self-nurturing (Massey, 2006). Centering Pregnancy is a model for group prenatal care that results in perinatal outcomes that equal or exceed prenatal traditional care, especially for teens, and other cultures accustomed to group support (Anderson, 2013).Centering Pregnancy exemplifies an evidence-based best practice for nurse-midwives. This model places all three components of prenatal care- risk assessment, education, and support- into the group setting. It fosters a sense of empowerment as prenatal group members are encouraged to take responsibility for their own health care and group members are encouraged to se ek information about healthy behaviors and common concerns of pregnancy, which builds a partnership between patient and provider (Massey, 2006).Translating this model of providing prenatal care for our hospitalized high-risk antepartum patients is the approach I intend to take because the evidence for improved outcomes with group care for high-risk women seems compelling, and may even be a future model of care for other countries, and women of diverse cultures (Tandon, Colon, Vega, Murphy, & Alonso, 2012). References American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG). (2008). Use of progesterone to prevent preterm birth. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 112, 963-965. American Psychological Association. (2010).Publication manual of the American Psychological Association. (6th. ed. ). Washington, DC. Anderson, B. , & Stone, S. (2013). Best practices in midwifery, using the evidence to implement change. Springer Publishing. New York, NY. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CD C). (2012). Preterm Birth. Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/reproductivehealth/maternalinfanthealth/PretermBirth. htm Fontenot, H. B. , Collins Fantasia, H. (2012). Vaginal progesterone to prevent preterm birth in high-risk women. Nursing for Women’s Health. Association of Women’s Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. 37-241. ISSN: 1751-4851 Howsen, C. , Kinney, M. , Lawn, J. (2012). The global action report on preterm birth. Preterm birth matters. March of Dimes. 9-14 Lynch, E. , Dezen, T. (2012). Preterm birth can be prevented with a few proven treatments, Lancet article says: Global partners challenge 39 high-income countries. March of Dimes. http://www. marchofdimes. com/news/10898. html March of Dimes. (2011). March of Dimes 2011 premature birth report card. Retrieved from http://www. marchofdimes. com/peristats/pdflib/998/US. pdf Massey, Z. Schindler Rising, S. , Ickovics, J. (2006).Centering pregnancy group prenatal care: Promoting relationship-centered care . Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, & Neonatal Nursing, 35, 286-294. doi:10. 1111/J. 1552-6909. 2006. 00040. x Manderscheid, R. (2009). Aiming for a healthier population by 2020: Moving our fields toward prevention, early intervention, and population health. Behavioral Healthcare; 29, 1; Proquest Central. pg. 51 Presem, C. , McDougall, L. (2012). Born too soon: The global action report on preterm birth. World Health Organization (WHO). Retrieved from http://www. who. int/pmnch/media/news/2012/preterm_birth_report/en/index9. tml Shi, L. , & Stevens, G. (2010). Vulnerable populations in the United States (2nd. ed. ). Jossey-Bass. San Francisco, CA. Slager, J. , & Lynne, S. (2012). Assessment of cervical length and the relationship between short cervix and preterm birth. Journal of Midwifery & Women’s Health, 57(1): S4-S11. doi:10. 1111/j. 1542-2011. 2012. 00209. x Tandon, S. D. , Colon, L. , Vega, P. , Murphy, J. , Alonso, A. (2012). Birth outcomes associated with receipt of g roup prenatal care among low-income Hispanic women. Journal of Midwifery and Women’s Health. 57(5). 476-481. doi: 10. 111/j. 542-2011. 2012. 00184. x Tharpe, N. , Farley, C. , Jordan, R. (2013). Clinical practice guidelines for midwifery & women’s health. (4th ed. ). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Burlington, MA. 198-201. World Health Organization (WHO). (2009). The worldwide incidence of preterm birth: A systematic review of maternal morbidity and mortality. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 88, 31-38. doi: 10. 2471/BLT. 08. 06255 World Health Organization (WHO). (2012). Born too soon: The global action report on preterm birth. http://www. who. int/pmnch/media/news/2012/preterm_birth_report/en/index. html

Sunday, September 29, 2019

College Is Worthwhile Essay

Today in America going to college is more of a necessity than an option; however, college is expensive. Most people cannot afford the upfront cost of tuition and fees along with the additional costs of dorms, meals, textbooks, and other supplies to attend college. Because of this many students resort to taking out student loans that could potentially cost them more in the future. With the cost of attending college constantly rising many people are finding themselves asking the question of rather or not college is really worth the cost. Also, some people feel that going to college is a waste of time. Some feel this way because not all jobs require degrees, so they feel there is no purpose in spending long hours at an institution obtaining one. Others feel that they should not be required to meet the general education requirements of most colleges, but should instead be able to use the time taking classes relevant to their career field. Many people argue that because of these reasons college is not worthwhile. However, despite these facts, going to college has several benefits that make it very valuable. Firstly, college graduates make more money over the course of a lifetime and have more  job opportunities than people without degrees. College graduates on average make about one million dollars more in a lifetime than people with only a high school diploma. This is because college graduates have a better chance of getting and keeping a job, and these jobs pay more. The main reason for this is that there is less competition for jobs that require a degree so there is always a need for employees which means more job security. Secondly, in college people make lifetime connections and broaden their horizons. During college students meet a wide variety of people from different backgrounds than  themselves. The connections that students make with these individuals can prove very beneficial to them especially after they graduate. Many of these people that students meet in college could help them to advance their careers after they graduate. For example, their professors may recommend them for employment to others in their field. Also, they could be meeting future business partners, bosses, or employees. Thirdly, college helps young adults in becoming more responsible. When people go to college, for most, it is the first time most people are practically on their own. It is completely different from being in high school and being dependent on parents and teachers for everything from reminders and help with homework to finances. In college, students face circumstances that they would most likely encounter when completely on their own. College students have to pay bills, manage time efficiently, and be sure to meet deadlines. And if they don’t there may be minor and/or serious consequences that they have to deal with just like in the â€Å"real world. † Many people argue that going to college is not worthwhile because it is too expensive and  is a waste of time, but there are many advantages of going to college that prove how valuable the college experience can be. College students are able to gain stable careers with great pay after graduation, are able to network with the people they meet while in college in order to advance their future careers, and can gain a sense of responsibility to help them mature. So, even though college has its cons, it is challenging and exciting, and can be the best time of a person’s life. It is an experience that can and will set the precedent for the rest of a person’s life if they choose to go.

Saturday, September 28, 2019

Analysis Of Learning Style And The Implications For Teaching Education Essay

Analysis Of Learning Style And The Implications For Teaching Education Essay This piece of writing is designed to explore how I learn as a student Radiographer and how this could potentially affect the way I teach future Radiographers upon graduation. This will allow me to understand, rethink and improve my methods of teaching that will benefit and not hinder learning of the students I would be teaching. Learning is all about new skills and new information, through purposeful change or through new experiences (Reece and Walker, 2003). Kolb’s experiential learning theory was designed in order to stage learning and understand how people perceived and processed new knowledge. Kolb created a learning cycle that consisted of concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualization and active experimentation which could be entered at any point in response to a learning activity depending on the individual preference (Kolb and Kolb, 2005). According to Honey and Mumford (1992) learners can be placed into four categories, Activist, Reflector, T heorist and Pragmatist. The usual outcome is that learners are a part of all four but dominate more in one. It is even possible to adapt to different learning styles to cope with different learning situations (Fatt, 2000). In order to discover how I perceive challenges, interact with them and respond to them it is important to outline what my learning style is as people can perceive learning experiences in many different ways. Having completed the structured approach to learning styles questionnaire, it shows that I dominate more in the reflective learning style and closely followed by theorist (see appendix 2). As a reflective learner I tend to reflect on my experiences and think hard before finishing any work. I consider any implications before the activity and like to listen to and observe other people before doing it myself (Honey and Mumford, 1992) and this is exactly how I learn in practice and everyday life. This is not the ideal type of learning in some situations especially in practice. As stated above reflectors learn better when they can be allowed to stand back and observe, allowed to think, prepare, then review what has happened afterwards. An example of when this can be detrimental to reflective learners is when radiographers have to modify their technique for plain film examinations. I cannot begin to modify a technique until I have seen it being performed; this is also true of learning how to use radiographic equipment which will be a disadvantage for when I qualify in the fact I would need to consider the technique for a while before doing it. In a busy department reflective learning cannot always happen, this type of learning takes time which is not always possible when there are time constraints and when staff are very busy. Another problem that could occur is that staff may think that the student does not want to participate or learn and that they are shying away but in reality the student wants to observe something before they participate which is not the fault of the student. In clinical practice this learning style can actually be a learning barrier to students and will take longer to learn new experiences. Although sometimes in a busy environment, just being able to observe from afar is sometimes more helpful to the reflective learner. Other barriers to learning for reflectors in practice is past negative experiences, lack of time within a busy environment, lack of support from the radiographers, lack of clear intent of what the learner is supposed to be doing, high expectations of knowledge and technique and being within a hostile environment (Downie and Basford, 2003). These barriers can prevent reflection so this learning activity will remain negatively in the reflective learners mind (Downie and Basford, 2003). But being in a clinical environment is still the best way to learn such a skill as radiography and this will still benefit reflective learners and indeed all learners despite the few barriers that exist (Gopee, 2008).

Friday, September 27, 2019

Power of will and choice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Power of will and choice - Research Paper Example Among many other works of literature we have studied are ‘the hunger games’ by Suzanne and ‘twilight’ by Myer which are all topical and hence the following analysis. Books of literature are normally written to communicate certain topics as shown and the two books are no exception. This paper therefore intends to analyze the thematic representations these two books as they are written in the contemporary US environment. Our analysis revolves around the theme of power in choice as presented within the two books. Power dynamics within the ‘hunger games’ is seen through the eyes of two young persons engaged in the games which are conducted annually with a motive of selecting the district to which food aid would be advanced. The plotting of the story covers the disparity in power between formerly thirteen districts but currently twelve and the capitol, which ideally represents power (Collins, 3-18). The capital district capitol represents the source of power or influence and which is depicted to rule over the rest of the districts. Poverty, hunger and general misery is shown to dominate the twelve districts while great wealth and technological advancement is what characterizes the capitol district. As a way of executing the power, the capitol district invents a mechanism through which food and such other humanitarian aid would be advanced to the rest of the districts through the hunger games, which are conducted annually. Every district therefore selects young representatives who would participate in fighting contests and the winner defines the district, which will receive the food aid over the year. The capitol district is therefore shown to have the capacity and power to advance food aid to the rest of the districts at will though this is not the case. The program to involve the districts in the hunger games is shown through the literature to be informed by the selfish ambitions of the power district to rule through oppressio n. Totalitarian governance in the country is the main thematic depiction of the book, which shows how capitol adopts the games in order to punish the twelve districts because of rebellion in the past, which lead to destruction of the thirteen districts. Besides, the fights, which are televised, serve as entertainment to the capitol while at the same time conveying the message of capitol’s power as well as lack of remorse towards the twelve districts. In fact, this is therefore a clear depiction of power influence and the theme of wrong choices as contrasted with good choices. To begin with, the adoption of such annual games has historically been developed from the fateful rebellion, which led to total destruction of the thirteenth district after all the districts within the country chose to revolt against capitol and its rule. Choice was therefore involved in the decision and the capitol district equally chose to retract through so much power that led to total destruction of one of the districts. Besides, out of choice, the capitol district and its power devised the games, which involve young adults who are selected through lottery to participate. Besides the games being entertaining to the capitol dwellers, they serve as memorial to the power of the capitol district as well as the capitols lack of remorse. It is therefore worth noting that capitol had the capacity to help other districts without engaging them into such deadly wars and rule effectively through equal regard to all persons. This is not however the case as revealed through the mechanisms adopted to exert authority towards the natives of the rest of the d

Thursday, September 26, 2019

A Strategic Analysis of Ryanair Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

A Strategic Analysis of Ryanair - Case Study Example Starting out as a full service conventional airline in 1985, Ryanair changed its strategic direction in 1990s to become Europe's first low-fares, no-frills carrier. The company has taken advantage of the price sensitive customers and gained wide acceptance and recognition because of this strategy. Ryanair battled head-on with other traditional carriers and paved the way in the establishment of a new segment in the European industry. The early success of the budget airline, however, is threatened by the new challenges presented by its rapidly changing business environment. Thus, the main concern of Ryanair is how to sustain and maintain its position in the industry amidst these threats and challenges. In line with this, this paper will examine the current trends in the European airline industry and its implication for the budget airline sector specifically on Ryanair. This paper will primarily draw information from the case study prepared by Eleanor O' Higgins. In order to draw an adequate and accurate assessment of the situation of the industry, it will utilize various strategic management tools like PEST analysis and Porter's Five Forces Model. Another objective of this paper is an internal examination of Ryanair by identifying its strengths and weaknesses. Lastly, this paper will give an assessment of whether the business organization is meeting the expectation of the customers relative to its competitors. 2.0. External Environment Analysis: The European Airline Industry 2.1. PEST Analysis PEST analysis stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental. This strategic management tool is noted for its ability to capture almost all the variables in the environment where the business operates (Thomson 2002). The following section applies the PESTLE analysis of the European airline industry. Political The operation of the European airline industry is strongly affected by specific policies instituted by the government. Perhaps the most significant political transformation in the market where Ryanair operates is the governments' effort in integrating their economies through the creation of free trade unions that led to the establishment of the European Union. Through the European Union, budget airlines are given access to the numerous markets which increases their patrons together with the revenue that they generate. However, this integration also has adverse effects in the operation of budget airlines. It should be noted that the abolition of duty-free sales and the subsequent increase in airport's landing charges squeezed the margins of the players. Another policy which impacts the operation of Ryanair is the EU regulation which requires the refitting of used aircraft,

The Vietnam War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Vietnam War - Essay Example The Vietnam War was the long-drawn-out clash between pro-self-government forces endeavoring to amalgamate the nation of Vietnam under a communist administration and the United States, with the assistance of the Southern Vietnamese, struggling to thwart the blowout of communism. Involved in a conflict that many regarded as having no way for victory, U.S. leaders suffered the loss of the American community's cooperation for the war. From the time when the war ended, the Vietnam War has turned out to be a point of reference for what one should not do in all forthcoming U.S. external battles. The Vietnam War was an era during the Cold War period of great military divergence that happened in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos and lasted from 1955 to the plummet of Saigon in 1975. This war came after the First Indochina War. It was a fight between North Vietnam, reinforced by its communist allies, and the administration of South Vietnam, where the United States and other anti-communist nations reinforced it. Like many wars fought during this time, the reason for it was mainly the division of a desire for communism, and the desire for democracy. It was known to be a war much â€Å"tougher than-and different from-World War II and Korea.† The foremost military establishments tangled in the conflict were the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, also known as ARVN and the U.S. military on one side, and the Vietnam People's Army or VPA also known as the North Vietnamese Army or NVA), and the Viet Cong, or National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (NLF), a communist paramilitary group in South Vietnam, on the other side. There had been a lot of hostility in Vietnam for a long period of time before the Vietnam War started. The Vietnamese people had undergone suffering from the French colonial ruling for almost sixty long years when eventually, Japan conquered parts of Vietnam in 1940. It was a year later when Vietnam had two external supremacies dominating them, that communist Vietnamese avant-garde leader Ho Chi Minh came to Vietnam in return after expending roughly three decades travelling the world. Once Ho Chi Minh was now back in Vietnam, he started centers of operations in a cave in the northern part of Vietnam and founded the Viet Minh, whose purpose was to divest Vietnam from the Japanese and French inhabitants. Having increased support for their goal in Northern Vietnam, the Viet Minh proclaimed the formation of a self-governing Vietnam with a new administration named the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in the September of 1945. However, the French colonists were not disposed to hand over the ir colony so effortlessly and fought back. For many years, Ho Chi Minh had endeavored to ingratiate the United States to back him up as opposed to the French, such as supplying the United States with military intellect concerning the Japanese throughout World War II. Notwithstanding this assistance, the United States was completely devoted to their Cold War external policy of suppression, which meant averting the increasing spread of Communism. Ho Chi Minh, aware of this, did not want to draw the United States into the conflict. The Americans, though, could not allow their client state to fall and the road to war began. (Wiest 16) The â€Å"domino theory† of the United States, which specified that if one nation in

Wednesday, September 25, 2019

Control Room is a Documentary Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Control Room is a Documentary Film - Essay Example The film literally revealed the things that happened during the United States and Iraq’s war that the Bush administration does not want the people to see. Control room showed how typical Iraqi men and women watch the news and fearfully worried about their safety not from Hussein and other liberators but from the invaders. One of the scenes in the movie was when an Iraqi man criticized Saddam Hussein, though it was a dangerous action during that time, not because Hussein is a brutal dictator but he allowed Americans to take over the scene. The film also revealed how Americans wanted to take control over the media wherein people can get updates about the war. One proof was when Bush said that they are one either with them or against them. The Arab news outlets were destroyed by three separated attacks in just a day. The Americans reasoned that Iraqis distributed terrorist propaganda but actually not. The firm said that it was the Americans way of cutting the connection between t he media and the Iraqis so that people will not be updated about the war. Several say that the documentary film was a good one for it brings realization upon the minds of different people, most are those who have viewed it already. The film showed a different angle with regards to the perception of the Iraq war. Control Room was not just a documentary film that shows what happened during Iraq’s war but a film that widens the debate about media and deepens the meaning and importance of journalism in the country. Through the journalist’s coverage, several issues are unfolding and so, justice will be given. The death of Al-Jazeera, the journalist, due to the airstrikes that the US had committed on civilian targets, is one of the proofs that state that journalism has something to do with the revelations of the hidden issues. Justice will always prevail no matter what.

Tuesday, September 24, 2019

Evans, Wittkower, Norman Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Evans, Wittkower, Norman - Essay Example When you think about it, it is clear in one sense that we have emotional relationships with the things that we use on a regular basis, and which allow us to do our work and to connect with the people we love, or else allow us to do the things that we love doing. For instance, people have emotional connections with their cars and their bicycles, and this is something that advertisers understand so well. When companies market cars, for instance, there is the explicit connection that advertisers try to establish between the car as the product itself, and the way the car represents a range of emotions and relationships with people dear to car buyers. A family sedan advertised, for instance, would highlight the fun and happy things that families can do with the family sedan. The better the emotional connection made between the potential buyer and the car, the higher the prospects of buyers becoming interested enough to give the car a try. In this case, emotions pique interest and elicit r esponse. Where there is ownership of a vehicle for instance, even a bicycle, then the emotional connection is sometimes intense. People sometimes get buried with their most favorite things, with their bicycles, with their Swiss knives, and with their cell phones. Whether the emotional connection is because of the great utility of the thing, or because of something that is designed into the thing in order to elicit hopefully positive emotional connections, it is clear that the things that people own are not just things that are devoid of emotional context. People buy and keep things on the basis of how they feel about using the things that they buy, is something that is so obvious in the way products and services are marketed, that it is absurd to overlook just how important it is to listen to Don Norman talk about imputing emotional characteristics in to the very design of products. It is clear too, from the work ethic and philosophy of the man, that the ability to elicit an emotion al response is a core tenet of his design philosophy (Norman, 2012; Norman, 2012b): My field is Human-Centered Design: making products that people can use, that fit their needs, that excite them and are enjoyable. The United States leads the world in human-centered design. This is true in all domains: computer and cellphone applications, industrial equipment, work tools for professionals, and of course home and consumer electronics. It is not an accident that the entire world relies on our operating systems: Apple, Google, and Microsoft for phones; Apple and Microsoft for computers (Norman, 2012) To put it another way, it makes perfect sense that Norman asserts that it is good design to impute emotional considerations when undertaking the design of products, while also making sure that the most important product attributes as perceived by the consumer are met. For instance, imputing emotional inputs into smart phone design does not mean always that the designs include smileys at the back plates of the phones. It does mean that where the functionalities, the necessary technologies, and such product attributes as sturdiness and reliability are met, then other aspects of design, such as colors and aesthetics, can then impute more ineffable emotional characteristics. Looking at cell phones and computers, for instance, the very robustness of the technology and the excellence of certain products in terms of reliability and build quality are themselves wellsprings of positive emotions for the buyer. Those are positive emotions brought about by the excellence of the engineering. On the other hand, where the design also imputes thoughtful ergonomics and tasteful, positive colors explicitly, to induce certain positive emotions, then those are the design elements that help establish the added pull for a positive relationship between the cell phone

Monday, September 23, 2019

The Porter Five Forces Analysis Performed On the Case Study of the Article

The Porter Five Forces Analysis Performed On the Case Study of the Music Industry In 2006 - Article Example The paper tells that market attractiveness in this context refers to the general industry gain of profitability. On the other hand, in an unattractive industry or market setup, is one that does not conform to the five forces analysis, since it offers a projection of losses within the market in the long run. In other words, an unattractive market would be one that is approaching the level of "pure competition", that is, the available profits for all firms within the market are depicted at a normal profit. The porter five forces analytical model has the following components the facilitate the examination of a particular product within the industry: The first part of the porter five forces model is the Internal Rivalry, which explains the competitive level within the industry. In this particular scenario, the intensity of competition within the music industry in that specific year is high because given the numerous number of players in the music industry. The major players in this marke t include Universal Music Group which owns 26% share of the music global market and has the prospects of merging with Sony BMG Music Entertainment to increase the production rate of publishing music media. The merging of companies within a market tends to consolidate the industry. For example, in the year of 2004, the entertainment and recording companies, Sony Music and the BMG, merged to change the equilibrium within the competitive market. The major companies highlighted in the case study regarding the prospected changes in the music industry form mergers with the expectation of each company trying to favorably compete with each other by developing new products or increasing the mass of production in the market all the time. For instance, the 50-50 joint venture between Sony and BMG Music Entertainment which made it the second largest major in the music industry.

Sunday, September 22, 2019

Rose for Emily Analysis Essay Example for Free

Rose for Emily Analysis Essay William Faulkner was not only one of the greatest Southern writers of all time but one of the great American authors of all time. His works have long been criticized and analyzed for their deeper meanings and themes. One of his most analyzed works is his short story A Rose for Emily. While Faulkner uses numerous techniques and strategies which include the chronology of the story, his strongest weapon is his usage of the narrator as an omniscient gossip. Thomas Dilworth says that the narrator is as important to the plot as Emily Grierson. (Dilworth). Whether this is true or not, the narrator is an important part that helps makes the story what it is, a great Southern short story. While the narrator is never narrowed down to a specific person he seems to speak as a representative of the community and it is apparent that he knows everything about Miss Emily and of every event that happens in the small town. By seeing everything that the narrator sees, we get to see all the happenings throughout the story, but this view isnt always objective. The narrators bias and opinions bleed through the narration. In the process of telling it, he implies his own and his societys cultural values, which influence attitudes and behavior toward Miss Emily in a way that implicates him and the townspeople in her fate(Dilworth). By his talking about how the town pities Miss Emily it makes you feel pity for her also. The narrator plays a sort of antagonist in the story with his opinions of Miss Emily. If you believe everything the narrator tells you in the story it allows him to skew the story in any way in which he seems fit. By making you listen to the narrators thoughts Faulkner makes you listen to his own thoughts. For example, the following line, Then we said, She will persuade him yet, because Homer himself had remarkedhe liked men, and it was known that he drank with the younger men in the Elks Clubthat he was not a marrying man(Faulkner) is interpreted quite different from an objective line such as Homer drank with the younger men in the Elks Club, and wasnt the marrying type . The second statement raises no question of Barrons sexuality while the narrator does raise that question in the first sentence. Homers sexuality is never actually stated or proved but it does force you to keep the possibility in your mind as you read the rest of the story. James Wallace states To believe that the narrator here reveals something true about Homer is to become exactly like the narrator and his society of gossipy, nosy neighbors(Wallace). Little subtleties such as this one sway your outlook on the characters and the story in general and whether realized or not change the way you read the story. With immense skill and rhetoric Faulkner successfully inputs the narrator into A Rose for Emily changing the complexion on the story and transforming it into the classic that it is now, a gothic tale of Southern Society. Dilworth, Thomas. A Romance to Kill for: Homicidal Complicity in Faulkners A Rose for Emily. Studies in Short Fiction. 36. 3 (Summer 1999) : 251 Academic Search Premier. EBSCOHost. Huie Library, Arkadelphia, AR. 1 Nov. 2005. . Wallace, James. Faulkners A Rose for Emily. Explicator. 50. 2 (Winter 1992) : 105 Academic Search Premier. EBSCOHost. Huie Library, Arkadelphia, AR. 1 Nov 2005. . Faulkner, William. A Rose for Emily. Collected Stories of William Faulkner. New York: Random House, 1950. 119-130.

Saturday, September 21, 2019

Benefits of Foreign Direct Investment

Benefits of Foreign Direct Investment Do Host Countries Benefit From Foreign Direct Investment? Evidence From Developing Economies Executive Summary The multinational companies (MNCs) and associated foreign direct investment (FDI) play an important role in international economy. It is well-known that FDI activity can bring many significant effects to host countries. In this essay I estimate such effects from three different aspects: The first part I focus on the relation between FDI and host country wages. Previous studies show that it is a universal phenomenon that the wages in foreign companies are higher than domestic companies. The FDI activity has a positive effect to the overall wage levels of the host countries, although wages spillovers to domestic companies are not always exist. The second part I focus on the relation between FDI and host country productivity. Foreign companies have higher productivity than domestic companies; it can be supported by most of the available studies no matter what measures have been used. Although some findings reflected that local firms in developing countries can benefit from FDI by productivity spillovers, in more cases, the productivity spillovers are not significant, even negative. The third part I focus on the relation between FDI and host countrys economic Growth. The result shows that developing countries can benefit from FDI and achieve economic growth. Overall, the host countries, especially the developing countries, can benefit from foreign direct investment. 1. Introduction The worldwide spread of multinational companies (MNCs) and associated foreign direct investment (FDI) play an important role in reconstructing economy pattern of the world. It is well-known that FDI activity can bring many significant effects to host countries development. In this essay I will estimate such effects from three different aspects- the effect in wages, the effect in productivity and the effect in economic growth- by reviewing numerous relative studies and try to find out whether host countries, especially the developing countries, can get benefits from foreign direct investment. 2. FDI And Host Country Wages In this section, I will explain to what extend does FDI influence host countries wages level. Whether local firms could benefit from the entrance or existence of foreign companies will be analyzed based on the previous studies. Firstly, let us take a look at the difference between foreign companies and domestic companies in regard to wages level. Almost all the available studies proved that foreign companies did pay higher wages in developing countries. Haddad and Harrison (1993) made a research on different companies performance in Morocco. They found that in unweighted means, foreign firms paid about 70% higher wages than domestic firms. According to weighted means, the foreign companies still paid higher real wages than domestic companies (PP.58-59). Higher wages paying by MNCs was also supported by some studies of other developing countries, such as Indonesia (Hill, 1990, Manning 1998, Lipsey and Sjà ¶holm, 2001). Lipsey and Sjà ¶holm (2001) reported that when taken the educational level into account, blue-collar workers can get 25% higher wages and white-collar workers can get 50% higher wages in foreign companies. In the conclusion part of this paper, the author stated â€Å"those higher wages for workers of a given educational level do not reflect only the greater size and larger inputs per worker in foreign plants, or their industry or location† (p.13). If considered all these factors, the foreign companies paid 12% and 20% more wages than domestic companies for blue-collar workers and white-collar workers respectively. Another evidence is taken by Ramstetter (1999), he did an research in five East Asian economies (Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan) and made a report that wages in foreign plants were higher than domestic firms over 14-23 years, but the differences were not so significant in Singapore and Taiwan. It is a universal phenomenon that the wages in foreign companies are higher than domestic companies. Lipsey (2002) gave several explanations of this phenomenon. Firstly, higher wages may be caused by host-country regulations. Foreign firms are required to pay a higher price to the same quality workers in order to keep a good relationship with the host countries. Secondly, it could regard as compensation for the workers because they tend to choose local companies rather than foreign companies. Thirdly, as the foreign companies possess some advanced technology, they would rather pay more money to the employees to reduce the technology leaking resulted by stuff turnover. Last, the higher wages could count as an expense for attracting better employees because the foreign companies are not familiar with the labor market in host countries. Whether higher wages paid by foreign firms would affect the wages level in domestic firms and then change the wages level in host countries is another important question. The effects in wages of the local firms in host countries are referred as wage spillovers. Many studies focused on such wage spillovers as well as the effect to the overall wage level of the host countries taken by FDI. Aitken, Harrison, and Lipsey (1996) investigated the relationship between wages level and FDI in Venezuela and Mexico and found â€Å"no evidence of wage spillovers leading to higher wages for domestic firm†(Aitken et al., 1996, p.369). The lack of wages spillovers is in line with the different wages level between foreign and domestic companies. But there was a positive relationship between foreign ownership shares and averages industry wages, which means higher foreign ownership tend to increase industry wages. Besides, the effect was more significant for well skilled workers. The wage differ ences can be explained by â€Å"the greater human capital formation in foreign firms and lower turnover† (Aitken et al., 1996, p.369), well the increasing industry wages can be explained by the raising demand of labor in the foreign companies. Lipsey and Sjà ¶holm (2001) calculated the wage spillovers caused by FDI in Indonesia and found out foreign ownership could affect the wage level in domestic companies even if the difference in wage levels is not significant. Higher foreign ownership tend to increase the wage level of domestic companies, especially for white-collar than for blue-collar workers. We can conclude that the FDI activity has a positive effect to the overall wage levels of the host countries as the higher wages in foreign companies can increase the average wage level of the host countries, although wages spillovers to domestic companies are not always exist. As Lipsey (2002) summarized, the positive effect might caused by the higher wages paid by the foreign firms if there are no wages spillover to domestic companies; if there are positive wage spillovers, both higher wage level in foreign companies and the positive spillovers to domestic companies can contribute to the overall wage increasing; even when foreign companies take a negative effect to the wages of domestic companies, the negative spillovers could be offset by foreign companies higher wages, so it could not impact the wage level increasing in the host countries. 3. FDI And Host Country Productivity In this section, I will review the previous literatures based on two questions. The first one is whether the productivity is higher in foreign companies than domestic companies in developing countries. Only if the existence of higher productivity has been proved in foreign companies could the productivity spillover of FDI take place in developing countries. The second one is whether the higher productivity in foreign companies spills over to domestic companies. According to previous studies, comparisons of productivity between foreign-owned plants and domestic-owned plants were focused on the manufacturing sectors in developing countries. Lipsey (2002) gave a summary of Blomstrà ¶m and Wolffs working paper. They found that by measuring both value-added and gross output from manufacturing data of Mexcican in 1970, the productivity of foreign companies was more than twice of domestic companies on average. When comparing with domestic companies, the labor productivity in foreign companies was much higher in 20 manufacturing industries. They also found that the capital intensity in foreign companies was 2.5 times higher than Mexican domestic companies. Sjà ¶holm (1999, p.55) in his article examined intra-industry spillovers from FDI in the manufacturing sector of Indonesian. He used micro-level data to examine the difference in labour productivity between foreign and domestic companies in 28 industries. It was proved that technology level was higher in foreign firms than domestic firms in 26 out of 28 industries. A similar conclusion can be found in a working paper written by Okamoto and Sjà ¶holm (1999) which published in the same year. They reported in Indonesia, higher foreign shares of gross output than foreign share of employment between 1990 and 1995 indicated that foreign-owned companies had higher labor productivity. Many other studies also showed that in developing countries, the foreign companies have higher productivity than domestic companies. For Morocco, Haddad and Harrison (1993) compared the â€Å"deviation of firm productivity from each sectors best-practice frontier† in 18 industries from 1985 to 1989. They found a higher output per worker and a smaller deviation from best-practice frontiers in foreign companies than in domestic companies among total 12 industries. For Uruguay, value added per worker was used to estimate the difference in productivity between foreign and domestic owned companies. Result revealed that in 1988, the productivity in foreign firms was about 2 times as in domestic firms on average (Kokko, Zejan, and Tansini, 2001). According to a research of Taiwan manufacturing sector in 1991, Chuang and Lin (1999) found that labor productivity of MNCs was much higher than local firms, but total factor productivity of foreign companies was only slightly higher than lo cal companies. The study for Turkey between 1993 -1995 in which different elements of the production function were taken into account by Eridilek (2002), as well as the study for five Ease Asian economies (Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan) in which Ramsteteer (1999) used value added per employee to measure labor productivity, both found that the average productivity of were significant higher in MNCs than in domestic firms. From all evidence mentioned above, the conclusion that â€Å"foreign companies have higher productivity than domestic companies† can be supported in developing countries no matter what measures have been used. This phenomenon may be resulted from â€Å"larger scale of production† or â€Å"higher capital intensity† in the foreign companies (Lipsey, 2002, p. 40). Before move to the research on whether host countries could get benefit from FDI in respect of productivity growth, we should first make clear when the productivity spillovers take place. Blomstrà ¶m and Kokko (1998) expressed that the productivity spillovers occur when establishment of foreign companies result in promoting the productivity and efficiency of the local companies in host countries, and the foreign companies can not completely internalize the value of these benefits. Another reason that productivity spillovers take place is the domestic companies are forced to improve the efficiency of using their existing technology and resources because the entry of foreign companies carried fierce competition to the host countries. The severe competition also leads the domestic companies to pursue new technologies which can result in the productivity spills out. Besides, we should also classify the different types of spillovers. Horizontal spillovers are the effects from foreign to local firms belonging to the same industry. Vertical spillovers occur both in upstream industries and downstream industries (Javrcik, 2004). For horizontal spillovers studies, Aitken and Harrison (1999) used a panel data of Venezuelan companies during 1976 to 1989, concluded that there are â€Å"no evidence supports the existence of technology spillovers† between foreign and local companies (p.617). Konings (2001) also used panel data to study the effect of FDI in Bulgara, Romania and Poland. According to their conclusion, they did not find any evidence of spillovers in these emerging market economies. Such results have also been supported by Djankov and Hoekman (2000). However, this conclusion can not be generalized from all the developing countries. Damijan et al. (2003) used firm-level data to study 8 transition countries between 1994 and 1998, found spi llovers from foreign to local companies were positive in Romania ( p.11). Besides, Kinoshita (2001) proved that the RD-intensive sectors of Czech Republic have positive horizontal spillovers. Compared with horizontal spillovers, â€Å"It is quite upbeat about the existence of vertical spillover† (Javrcik and Spatareanu, 2005, P.54). Since many existing articles have provided evidence of vertical spillovers in developing countries. In another paper of Javrcik (2004), firm-level panel data was used in testing the productivity spillovers in Lithuania. The results revealed positive spillovers from FDI in upstream sectors but the positive productivity spillovers were associated with partially owned foreign investments. Such existence of vertical spillovers has also been provided by Blalock and Gertler (2004) and Schoores and van der Tol (2001). Although most of the articles have a common idea on the existence of vertical spillovers, they cannot reach agreements in some questions, such as whether there are some positive spillovers carried by FDI in upstream industries. Javrcik and Spatareanu (2005) gave a theoretical assumption that if multinationals can benefit from the better performance of intermediate input suppliers, they would not take measures to prevent productivity spillovers from happening. Thus, a spillovers-channel would be established between foreign companies and their suppliers belonging to local firms. In their opinion, positive effects of FDI might take place in upstream industries as the foreign companies would impose an increasing demand and better quality of intermediate products, such requirements would stimulate local suppliers to improve their technology in productive activity, meanwhile, they can benefits from scale economies. It seems reasonable but is not always the case in reality. Lipsey (2002) in his article cited an unpublished paper written by Aitken and Harrison (1991), which showed â€Å"negative effects of foreign direct investment in an industry on productivity in upstream industries† in Venezuela (p.41). They also provided a possible reason that â€Å"foreign firms shift the demand for intermediate inputs from domestic to foreign producers, reducing the scale of output, and there fore productivity, in domestic production† (p.41). Other factors that could influent spillovers are also existent. Xu (2000) used data from 1966 to 1994 of US manufacturing MNCs in 40 countries to investigate whether MNCs can help international technology diffusion. The paper found a weak evidence of technology diffusion from US MNCs in less developed countries (LDCs). The explanation given by the author is most LDCs cannot reach â€Å"a human capital threshold of about 1.9 years (in terms of male secondary school attainment) to benefit from technology transfer of US MNE affiliates† (p. 491). A conclusion that â€Å"the technology spillover effects brought by FDI are not significant in less developed countries† could be abstracted from this paper. Some studies did support that local firms in developing countries can benefit from FDI, because productivity spillovers from foreign firms can help local firms to improve their existing technology as well as achieve scale economies. However, in more cases, the spillovers are not significant, even negative. So we can not make a simple conclusion as whether the positive spillovers are really existent is depend on different factors in different circumstances. 4. FDI And Host Countrys Economic Growth Economic growth, which is a common objective for all developing countries, can be achieved from productivity spillovers. Several authors have studied the interaction between FDI and economic growth in developing countries. De Mello (1999) found that spillovers of technology and knowledge from the foreign countries were two determinants of long-term growth in host countries and FDI has positive effects on economic growth in developing countries. Bende-Nabende (2001) used annual data from 1970 to 1996 studied on Asian countries and showed that in Indonesia, Malaysia and Philippines there is a positive impact carried by FDI. Bengoa and Sanchez-Robles (2003) used data between 1970 and 1999 of Latin American countries and find that positive effect only take place in countries with more economic freedom. According to Kohpaiboon (2003) and Marwah and Tavakoli (2004), a positive correlation between FDI and GDP growth were showed in Thailand, Malaysia and Philippines. Moreover, several papers focused on FDI effect in China also reflected positive effect on economic growth (Vu et al., 2008, p. 546). However, not all the studies supported the positive effect of FDI in developing countries. In the research of Blomstrà ¶m, Lipsey, and Zejan (1994), developing countries were separated into two groups the higher income countries and the lower income countries -and reported that only the higher-income group FDI inflow lead to economic growth. Through the analysis on 69 developing countries in the period of 1970 to 1989, Carkovic and Levine (2002) used panel data to test the correlation between FDI and developing countries economic growth. The results showed that the effect of FDI inflows was not significant. The different methods and data choosing may lead to such different results. Some unknown factors would also affect the results. But they do not have so much impact to our conclusion. Based on the findings of previous studies, generally speaking, developing countries can benefit from FDI and achieve economic growth, 5. Conclusion The propose of this essay is try to estimate whether developing countries can get benefits from foreign direct investment. The effect of FDI has been classified into three aspects. Firstly, it is a universal phenomenon that the wages in foreign companies are higher than domestic companies. The FDI activity has a positive effect to the overall wage levels of the host countries, although wages spillovers to domestic companies are not always exist. Secondly, â€Å"foreign companies have higher productivity than domestic companies† can be supported by most of the available studies no matter what measures have been used. Although some findings reflected that local firms in developing countries can benefit from FDI by productivity spillovers, in more cases, the productivity spillovers are not significant, even negative. Thirdly, developing countries can benefit from FDI and achieve economic growth. Overall, we can get a positive conclusion that the host countries, especially the dev eloping countries, can benefit from foreign direct investment. References Aitken, B., Harrion, A., Lipsey, R. E., (1996) ‘Wages and foreign ownership: A comparative study of Mexico, Venezuela, and the United States, Journal of International Economics, Vol. 40 Issue 3-4, pp.345-371 ScienceDirect [Online]. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/ (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Bende-Nabende, A., (2001) ‘ FDI, regional economic integration and endogenous growth, some evidence from Southeast Asia, Pacific Economic Revies, Vol. 6 Issue 3, pp.383-399 InterScience [Online]. Available at: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com / (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Blalock, Garrick. ‘Technology from Foreign Direct Investment: Strategic Transfer through Supply Chains. Paper presented at the Empirical Investigations in International Trade Conference at Purdue University, November 9-11, 2001 (part of doctoral research at Haas School of Business, University of California Berkeley). Blomstrà ¶m, M. and Kokko, A., (1998) ‘Multinational Corporations and Spillovers, Journal of Economic Surveys, Vol. 12 Issue 3, pp.246-277 EBSCO [Online]. Available at: http://web.ebscohost.com/ (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Borensztein, E., Goregorio, D. J., Lee, J-W (1998) ‘How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth?, Journal of International Economics, Vol. 45 Issue 1, pp.115-135 ScienceDirect [Online]. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/ (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Carkovic, M. V. and Levine, R. (2002) ‘Does Foreign Direct Investment Accelerate Economic Growth?, University of Minnesota Department of Finance working Paper SSRN[Online]. Available at: http://papers.ssrn.com/ (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Chakraborty, C. and Basu, P., (2002) ‘Foreign direct investment and growth in India: a cointegration approach, Routledge, part of the Taylor Francis Group, Vol. 34 Issue 9, pp.1061-1073 [Online]. Available at: http://www.ingentaconnect.com/ (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Chuang, Y. C. and Lin C. M., (1999) ‘Foreign Direct Investment, RD, and Spillover Efficiency: Evidence from Taiwans Manufacturing Firms, Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 35 Issue 4, pp.117-137 EBSCO [Online]. Available at: http://web.ebscohost.com/ (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Damijan, J. P., Knell, M. S., Majcen, B., Rojec, M (2003) ‘The role of FDI, RD accumulation and trade in transferring technology to transition countries: evidence from firm panel data for eight transition countries, Economic Systems, Vol. 27 Issue 2, pp.189-204 EconPapers [Online]. Available at: http://econpapers.repec.org/ (Accessed: 20 December 2009) De Mello, Jr.,L.R., (1999) ‘FDI-led growth: evidence from time series and panel data , Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. 51 Issue 1, pp.133-151 OXFORD FOURNALS [Online]. Available at: http://oep.oxfordjournals.org/ (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Gà ¶rg, H. and Greenaway, D., (2000) ‘Multinational enterprises, technology diffusion, and host country productivity growth , Research Paper 2000/12, Centre for Research on Globalisation and Labour Markets, University of Nottingham. Available at: http://globalisationandeconomicpolicy.com (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Haddad, M. and Harrison, A., (1993) ‘Are there positive spillovers from direct foreign investment? Evidence from panel data for Morocco , Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 42 Issue 1, pp.51-74 RePEc [Online]. Available at: http://repec.org/ (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Javorcik, B. S. and Spatareanu, M., (2005) ‘Does foreign direct investment promote development?, PP. 45-71, Available at: www.economics.ox.ac.uk (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Javorcik, B. S. (2004) ‘Does Foreign Direct Investment Increase the Productivity of Domestic Firms? In Search of Spillovers through Backward Linkages , The American Economic Review, Vol. 94 Issue 3, pp.605-627 JSTOR [Online]. Available at: http://www.jstor.org/ (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Kathuria, V., (2001) ‘Productivity Spillovers from Technology Transfer to Indian Manufacturing Firms, Journal of International Development, Vol. 12 Issue 3, pp.343-369 InterScience [Online]. Available at: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/home (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Kohpaiboon,A., (2003) ‘Foreign trade regimes and the FDI-growth nexus: a case study of Thailand , Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 40 Issue 2, pp.55-69 RePEc [Online]. Available at: http://repec.org/ (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Kokko, A., Zejan, M., Tansini, R., (2001) ‘Trade Regimes and Spillover Effects of FDI: Evidence from Uruguay, Economics of Transition, Vol. 137 Issue 1, pp.124-149 RePEc [Online]. Available at: http://repec.org/ (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Konings, J., (2001) ‘The effects of foreign direct investment on domestic firms: Evidence from firm-level panel data in emerging economies, Economics of Transition, Vol. 9 Issue 3, pp.619-633 EBSCO [Online]. Available at: http://web.ebscohost.com/ (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Lipsey, R. E. and Sjà ¶holm (2001) ‘Foreign Direct Investment and Wages in Indonesian Manufacturing, NBER Working Paper No. 8299, Cambridge, MA, National Bureau of Economic Research. Available at: www.nber.org/ (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Lipsey, R. E., (2002) ‘HOME AND HOST COUNTRY EFFECTS OF FDI , NBER Working Paper No. 9293*Issued in October 2002 NBER Program(s): NBER [Online]. Available at: http://www.nber.org (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Marwah, K. and Tavakoli, A. (2004) ‘The effect of foreign capital and imports on economic growth: further evidence from four Asian countries (1970-1998) , Journal of Asian Economics, Vol. 15 Issue 2, pp.399-413 ScienceDirect [Online]. Available at: http://www.sciencedirect.com/ (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Okamoto, Y. and Sjà ¶holm, F., (1999) ‘FDI and the Dynamics of Productivity: Microeconomic Evidence, Working Paper Series in Economics and Finance, No. 348, Stockholm School of Economics, December. RePEc [Online]. Available at: http://repec.org/ (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Ramstetter, E. D., (1999) ‘Comparisons of Foreign Multinationals and Local Firms in Asian Manufacturing Over Time, Asian Economic Journal, Vol. 13 Issue 2, pp.163-203 EBSCO [Online]. Available at: http://web.ebscohost.com/ (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Sanchez-Robles, B. and Bengoa-Calvo, M. (2002) ‘ FDI, economic freedom, and growth: new evidence from Latin America, Universidad de Cantabria, Economics Working Paper No. 4/03. Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=353940 or doi:10.2139/ssrn.353940 (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Sjà ¶holm, F., (1999) ‘Technology Gap, Competition and Spillovers from Direct Foreign Investment: Evidence from Establishment Data, The Journal of Development Studies, Vol. 36 Issue 1, pp.53-73 RePEc [Online]. Available at: http://repec.org/ (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Vu, T. B., Gangnes, B., Noy, I. (2008) ‘Is foreign direct investment good for growth? Evidence from sectoral analysis of China and Vietnam , Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, Vol. 13 Issue 4, pp.542-562 informaworld [Online]. Available at: http://www.informaworld.com/ (Accessed: 20 December 2009) Xu, B, (2000) ‘Multinational enterprises, technology diffusion, and host country productivity growth , Journal of Development Economics, Vol. 62 Issue 2, pp.477-493 RePEc [Online]. Available at: http://repec.org/ (Accessed: 20 December 2009)

Friday, September 20, 2019

Beatrice and Benedick in Acts one and two vs. Hero and Claudio in Much Ado about Nothing :: essays research papers

The two sets of characters Beatrice and Benedick, and Hero and Claudio are two very different sets of people, however they have one thing in common, there is love between each couple. During acts one and two, we are shown how different Beatrice is to her cousin Hero, how similar Beatrice and Benedick are and how similar Hero and Claudio. When you first meet Beatrice and Hero, act one scene one, they have just heard from a messenger boy of the soldiers imminent return to their household. Immediately Beatrice asks about the whereabouts of one Signor Mountanto. Only Hero knows who that she means Signor Benedick of Padua. You then instantly learn that there is some history between Benedick and Beatrice, Leonato explains, ?You must not, sir, mistake my niece: there is a kind of merry war betwixt Signor Benedick and her: they never meet but there?s a skirmish of wit between them? This tells you straightaway that there is a connection between the two, but so far we do not hear more. So far, Beatrice has spoken a lot and Hero we have only heard from once to correct the name Beatrice gives to the messenger. Beatrice teases the messenger boy about Benedick, until Beatrice?s uncle tells the messenger about the ?merry war?. It seems that Beatrice is an example of how a women shouldn?t behave around men where as Hero is showing how to be a ?proper? lady by keeping quiet until asked for. Beatrice is presented as a very passionate person, whilst Shakespeare has presented Hero as a meek, timid woman, in fact Hero only speaks one line. You finally meet the soldiers, including Claudio and Benedick, later in Act one, Scene 1. When the soldiers do come in Claudio does not say anything until he is on his own with his friend Benedick. In this way he is very like Hero, he doesn?t say anything as it is not needed, he does not add to conversation. In fact when he does speak, you see a passionate side to him come out as he tells of his liking of Hero, in this way he is very like Beatrice as he has a very passionate personality, although he, unlike Beatrice, keeps it under wraps. When you first hear Benedick speak, he in conversation with Leonato and Don Pedro but by the 3rd time that you hear him speak, he has already engaged into a heated conversation with Beatrice.

Thursday, September 19, 2019

Essay --

Now that we have demonstrated the Gothic influence on the Brontes’ writings , now that we have identified the interest the Brontes had in the Gothic, it seems logical to assume then that the vampire motif has been exploited not only in Emily and Charlotte Brontes’ works, it is also exploited by Anne Bronte throughout her second work The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. The creation of traditional supernatural vampires has no rhyme or reason. It has been like the galloping horse with no horse rider to control the race. Nineteenth century vampires of Gothic literature, by contrast, are literary tools serving some particular purpose. Carol A. Senf in her book The Vampire in Nineteenth Century English Literature stresses the fact that nineteenth century writers make use of the vampire as a social metaphor in realistic fiction. She writes thus:†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Polidori†¦does provide however the merest suggestion of the ways that writers, such as the Brontes and George Eliot, will use the vampire as a social metaphor when he gives the reader brief glimpses of a corrupt society where the wealthy, plagued by ennui, seek to alleviate their boredom by flirting with vice† (Senf: 39). Thus in the case of the vampire motif in a nineteenth century Gothic novel entitled The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, Anne uses Gothic metaphors rather than photographic descriptions to reveal the social horrors of her time. It appears now that Anne Bronte uses much the same narrative strategy as her sisters Charlotte Bronte and Emily Bronte. Like Charlotte and Emily, Anne Bronte diminishes the vampire’s mythic power and focuses on the sorts of cruelties her human characters display to destroy the lives of others. For instance, through the vampire motif Anne diverts her readers’ atten... ...uding the â€Å"New Woman† of the 1890s. That’s why the blood-sucking aspect of vampires is gradually being diluted by nineteenth century writers. It seems clear therefore, that Anne Bronte, through her outstanding work of art, joins Oscar Wilde’s view that any narrative strategy should be employed solely for unveiling the poor conditions of the time and not for gratifying a bourgeois taste of some kind. In his 1891 essay "The Soul of Man Under Socialism", Oscar Wilde stresses the fact that any artistic piece of work must be a product of the artist’s creative process. A work of art must have one supreme goal; representing what others need and not what others desire to see. This is exactly what constitutes a given artistic greatness, according to Wilde. Indeed, Only when the artist ceases to suit others’ desires, that he comes to be regarded a true artist.(witcombe.sbc.)

Wednesday, September 18, 2019

To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell and Our Love Now by Martyn Essay

To His Coy Mistress by Andrew Marvell and Our Love Now by Martyn Lowery both see men trying to use methods of persuasion to get what they want. How successful are they? I have recently studied ‘To His Coy Mistress’ by Andrew Marvell, written in the 17th Century and ‘Our Love Now’ by Martyn Lowery, written in the 19th century. Attitudes to love have changed a lot since the 17th Century. When ‘To His Coy Mistress’ was written, men were in charge of the relationship. It would take a lot longer for this relationship to progress than it would today. The man would court the woman for months before anything progressed. He would write her letters and poems, and then eventually, if he loved her, he would ask her to marry him. They would not make love until they were married, as sex outside of marriage was frowned upon. However, today a relationship before marriage can be any length of time and there is no one in charge of it as men and women are more equal in today’s society. ‘To His Coy Mistress’ is a poem about a man trying to persuade a shy woman to have sex with him. In the first section he romances her, convinces her that he respects her, tells her she is beautiful and how he adores her. In the second section he scares her. He says that life is short and all they have to look forward to is death. In the third part he persuades the woman by telling her that she should make the most of time and to speed it up, not waste it. ‘Our Love Now’ is a poem about a man trying to persuade a woman that they should persevere with their relationship. He uses metaphors as a key method of persuasion. However we have the woman’s reply, and she clearly does not feel the same way, she thinks their relationship is over. Ev... ... very strong, consistent argument, allowing no time for the woman to sort out in her own head, her feelings for him. The way the argument is constructed implies he is forcing her to have sexual relations. He does not give her a choice, but uses his power over her to get his own way. I think he almost bullies her into making love to him as he never stops bombarding her with his opinions. In ‘To His Coy Mistress’ the poet uses a variety of methods. The way the poem is constructed makes it sound as if it is written flippantly, but the reader can see through him. I don’t think the woman would see this as it is covered by clever examples. However, after studying the poem you can see this. He makes her feel secure, makes her think he loves her and tells her what he wants yet does not put it so bluntly that in undermines his otherwise very successful persuasions.

Tuesday, September 17, 2019

Poetry Analysis of “Introduction to Poetry” Essay

The Poem â€Å"Introduction to Poetry† is by Billy Collins, an English poet, and it is about how teachers often force students to over-analyze poetry and to try decipher every possible meaning portrayed throughout the poem rather than allowing the students to form their own interpretation of the poem based on their own experiences. Throughout the poem, a number of literary devices are used. For example: â€Å"or press an ear against its hive†. Using this metaphor, Billy Collins is comparing the body of a poem to the hive of a bee. The hive of a bee appears to be something dangerous and unknown, just like a new poem, never before seen, with which one is unfamiliar. Using this metaphor, Billy Collins is suggesting that one should get an energy of the poem by reading it just as one would get a sense of energy by pressing one’s ear to a hive of a bee. The nature of a bee is particularly busy and bees are creatures that seem to be constantly on the go. In this way, Billy Collins is suggesting that whilst the reader is digesting the poem, he or she should constantly be ‘feeling’ the poem and be busily analyzing it. By comparing the poem to a hive, he is also saying that, like a hive, a poem is full of intense life. The characteristics shared by both the two metaphoric images are very similar, thus, it is an effective comparison. The poem is effectively personified once again through the lines: â€Å"or walk inside a poem’s room†. Here, Billy Collins suggests that the poem’s room, in other word, its body or what the poem contains, like a room of a person, defines the poem. One can learn a lot about another by viewing his or her room. Like a room too, which is private and should not be invaded, one should not invade a poem in the sense that one should not analyze it too heavily. Another effective metaphor, â€Å"I want them to water-ski across the surface of the poem† is used in this poem. Billy Collins is comparing water-skiing across the surface of the water to the way in which he believes poems should be read which is gently and merely on the surface. This is an effective metaphor as water-skiing brings about a great sense of joy and is fun, just as reading a poem – in Billy Collins’ opinion – should be. The use of onomatopoeic devices and onomatopoeic words are abundant in this poem. For instance, â€Å"I say drop a mouse into a poem† is a line whereby the word â€Å"drop†, a very onomatopoeic word, effectively suggests that the reader of a poem must gently analyze a poem. This is portrayed through the gentle ‘p’ sound of the word and this is therefore effective as the reader gets a sense of the gentleness Billy Collins wishes his readers had when it comes to analyzing poetry. The fact that enjambment is used throughout the poem such as in the lines, â€Å"like a colour slide or press an ear against its hive† portrays a lack of structure and therefore emphasizes the initial enjoyment one feels when reading a poem before the chore of analyzing it begins. This is also emphasized through the fact that the poem is a free verse poem. The poem suddenly becomes much darker in the last stanza and a Billy Collins explains how teachers, students or general readers of poetry ‘torture’ a poem by being what he believes is cruelly analytical. He says, â€Å"all they want to do is tie the poem to a chair with rope and torture a confession out of it†. Here, the poem is being personified yet again and this brings about an almost human connection between the reader and the poem. This use of personification is effective as it makes the reader feel somewhat guilty for over-analyzing a poem. This line is also a metaphor. The way in which one analyzes a poem is being compared to a victim being tied down to a chair and having a confession tortured out of them. This metaphor is effective as, like a rope pinning down a person would be very restrictive, over-analyzing a poem narrows the focus and constricts it from simply allowing it to be. â€Å"They begin beating it with a hose to find out what it really means†. This is a continuation of the metaphor and is highly effective as it strongly portrays a sense of inhumanity through the choice of ‘hose’ as an object with which to torture as opposed to a typical weapon. One can just imagine how painful this would be and again, forces the reader to almost empathize with the poem. The poem sends a powerful message to its readers and is significantly clear in its message to not delve too deep into the message of a poem.

Monday, September 16, 2019

First Impression Essay

It was a weary afternoon of Sunday; everyone was in full used of their energy. As I sat on the terrace of my classmate’s house, the warm breeze of the air tapped my body that was getting weaker moment by moment due to the nervousness that I felt whenever I remembered that sooner I will see him in front of my face. He was a friend of mine but I never had a chance to see him since we got in touch with each other through exchanging of messages. Cellphone is the means of our communication. One of my best friends says that he doesn’t looks well. So, I never expected a lot. Then the time came, as his nephew introduced us to each other I was stunned not because of his beauty but because of the fact that my best friends was right. Should I avoid him because of his appearance? Yes, he was not good at all but should that matter be considered after all that we’ve gone through? First Impression, what is it? As far as I know, it is the effect of a certain thing produced in th e mind. For an instance, you saw an IPhone 4s you thought it was beautiful but when you used it you were so disappointed because it was fake. In addition, it is your first reaction when you meet somebody or when you encounter a certain situation. Does first impression lasts? Yes, when a person doesn’t have the chance to examine if his/her impression was right. No, if he/she has a chance to be with that person he/she could easily determine if his/her impression was right. Yes, it requires time. It’s not just like a snap of a finger or a blink of an eye again it needs time nothing but time. First Impression could lead people to become judgmental. â€Å"Don’t judge the book by its cover†, a famous saying that everyone knows. We must not judge people by their outside appearance. We MUST and we SHOULD NOT do it. We need to discover them first. You don’t have the right to give a negative impression for a certain person unless you are ready to hear what’s yours. It’s just like looking in an optical illusion image, when you look on it you saw a certain picture but when you try to look on it once again there is an another image occurring. Remember also, â€Å"The beauty is useless but the character is the best†. Yes, he might not looks good on the outside but searches his heart; search the inner part of him. It is much important than the appearance because it makes a person beautiful in their own little ways. Consider a gorgeous individual whose attitude was opposite of his appearance well, it will ruin his image. Let us adapt God’s attitude and standard,†Panlabas na anyo ang tinitignan ng tao ngunit puso ang tinitingnan ko†. After weighing the pros and cons I decided to be with his side as long God allows me to do such an act. I would not stick to my first impression for him instead I will throw it away out of my mind. For me, he is handsome in his own little ways. Goodbye to you â€Å"my first impression†.

Sunday, September 15, 2019

Creating An Action Plan

Time management has been the largest challenge to date. Work, life, school balance, while determining what time of day is best to set aside to study, how much time is required to be a successful student and still be able to attend the kids sporting events will have me doing homework in the bleachers often. Fortunately, was able to start planning for the challenges of returning to school the day that I decided to pursue a Bachelors of Art in Accounting. Showing the kids that you are never too old to go back to school.Dreams can mom true if you are willing to work hard and making sacrifices that support your overall goals are worth the effort. My desire to graduate with the highest grade point average that I can achieve, will power me to do my very best each day. Proving to myself that I can do this and learning how to quiet the inner voice, when something gets challenging, has been rewarding and empowering to date. I am very glad that chose to attend AIL'. The built in support system, which has been put in place has eliminated any apprehension that would not be able to succeed.The Technical support department being available 24 hours a day to help with computer and connection issues is tremendous. Learning that can rely on my student advisor, Rebecca Anderson, if I have any questions, she has been there to support and assist me through the enrollment process. Shared her experiences as a student and provided examples of other student successes to prove it can be done with commitment. She has also provided insight on the available resources and offered suggestions on how to maximize them.Learning how to navigate and AP into the resources available in the Library and knowing if I have a question, there is a librarian available to point me in the right direction, is refreshing, but also has taken away my fear of not being able to do the necessary research. My fiance has been amazing with the added responsibilities he is willing to take on to ensure can focus on scho ol. He has attended online courses in the past, so he has been a tremendous source of information and support. But he is also there to point out when I am getting side tracked or offer instructive criticism when needed.The kids and I have a challenge in place, the person who has the highest grade point average at the end of their school year in June, gets their favorite meal made for dinner and a week of no chores. So obviously there has been much attention given to grades and homework. Having spent 1 5 years in the military, we are taught to continually assess the plans and goals we have set for ourselves. To look for your strengths and weaknesses and to adjust the process, as needed to accomplish the plan.As I come re-familiar myself with the learning process and requirements, will be able to refine my note taking, establish a routine to take advantage of the time have available to study and improve on the way that I process and retain information. As I learn new techniques and in formation is presented in new ways, it will enhance and change the way that learn. As I become more familiar with intelligent, I will adapt the way I process and retain the information. I believe my academic action plan will always be evolving and improving.My primary goal is to complete school within the time frame currently established and end with a 3. 5 grade point average. I have always tried to ensure that when set goals for myself they are realistic, attainable, specific to the task and motivational. I know that I can accomplish anything that set my mind too, given time and opportunity and finally have both. The financial commitment and sacrifices will be rewarded, when complete school. I will be able to pursue the jobs I want and provide better opportunities for my family.

Saturday, September 14, 2019

E2020 Course Work

Assignment 10: Promotion and Advertising In Section 10, you learned about promotion and advertising of a business. Now, you'll apply what you learned to your company idea. 1. Will your company use advertising as a promotional strategy? If so, which types of advertising will you use? If not, why not? We will use advertisement. We will use word of mouth and a good community. 2. Will your company use public relations as a promotional strategy? If so, describe at least two ways you will communicate with the public. 2-6 sentences. 2. 0 points) Yes we will use public relations as a promotional. We will give promotional items and gear out ot popular internet personas. Also we would do AMAs on Reddit. com 3. Describe at least two things your company could do in order to try to get publicity. TIP: If this includes press releases, describe what the release or releases would be about. (2-4 sentences. 2. 0 points) We would hold live streams answering questions and talking with fans. Get a articl e in Gameinformer. 4.Choose a type of advertisement (newspaper, magazine, outdoor, radio, Internet, and so on) to research, and then answer the following questions. a. Find the Web site for a company that sells this type of advertisement (such as newspaper, magazine, outdoor, radio, Internet, or another type of ad). What is this company's name? (0. 5 points) Google adwords. b. Describe at least one type of advertisement you can purchase from this company, including any details about the size, length, color, or other features of the advertisement. (2-6 sentences. . 0 points) You can buy online advertisement. You can do a couple of sentences. It is pay per click. c. How much does this type of advertisement cost? (1-2 sentences. 1. 0 points) It will cost around 16 cents per click d. Do you think this type of advertisement would be effective for your company? Why or why not? (2-5 sentences. 2. 0 points) No I don’t. The amount of people who actually clicks it would be low and the amount who buy are lower. 5. Choose a different type of advertisement to research, and then answer the following questions. . Find the Web site for a company that sells this type of advertisement (such as newspaper, magazine, outdoor, radio, Internet, or another type of ad). What is this company's name? (0. 5 points) Yuma sun b. Describe at least one type of advertisement you can purchase from this company, including any details about the size, length, color, or other features of the advertisement. (2-6 sentences. 2. 0 points) They have newspaper ads and you get photos and words c. How much does this type of advertisement cost? 1-2 sentences. 1. 0 points) it cost 22 dollars. d. Do you think this type of advertisement would be effective for your company? Why or why not? (2-5 sentences. 2. 0 points) Yes a lot of people like to support local efforts. 6. Describe at least 2 features of your product or service. (2-4 sentences. 2. 0 points) We create fun and immersive games. Inexpensive a nd high quality. 7. Describe at least 2 benefits of your product or service. (2-4 sentences. 2. 0 points) It will allow you to spend hours in one game.

Friday, September 13, 2019

European Colonization of the Americas Research Paper

European Colonization of the Americas - Research Paper Example Some say that many of these diseases even occurred because of communicability from Europe to the Americas as well as climate change and environment change for those that were transported from the Americas to Europe. European lifestyle on the whole was very dynamic as compared to the era that the people were living in at the time. People were in close contact with domestic animals like cows, goats, sheep, horses and pigs for the purpose of livelihood and food. This furthered the process of catching diseases due to the lack of medicinal opportunities available to them and thus new germs were introduced to the people, killing almost 10 to 20 million people within the span on the century. Most of these people were the American natives and this led to a great amount of both political as well as cultural instability in the country at the time which gave more leverage for the English to warp in on the opportunity and establish more settlements. For them, it merely meant more land and space to capitalize on. Economically speaking, European countries benefitted a great deal by the degree of goodwill that they gained by exploiting the opportunities with respect to resources available in the Americas; they were able to import spices, cloth, as well as other kinds of treasures like silver. Most of the slaves that were transported were Black Americans and due to the migration, there was a loss of identity and language among the Americans giving yet another upper hand to the Europeans so that they would be able to manage and establish another version of Europe altogether in America. The main reason for English settlement included an inspiration from Spanish conquests during the Inca... This paper stresses that European colonization in history has been regarded as one of the strongest colonial powers; the Europeans were able to set foot in almost all the territories around the world, gaining an excellent base with regard to trade and investment all over. They were able to use their knowhow and intelligence to build on and use resources and thus they managed to exploit opportunities and make themselves stable and rich with time. However, with their colonization in America, they faced problems as well as were termed to be successful in various ways. This report makes a conlcusion that by capitalizing on American resources, setting up industries, building passage ways from the Americas to Europe and furthermore, being able to import and export labour and human resources, they were able to enrich themselves. However, at the same time, this also proved to have certain amount of demerits as American migration proved to bring about communicable diseases in Europe, slaves and labourers were looked down upon with time with regard to international human rights and thus the Europeans were looked at as a harsh and brutish community of people. At the same time, they lost out on a great amount of their own population as well as religion, which tended to make the European countries unstable in terms of polity and social life. With lesser natives in the European countries, they had no choice but to depend on the Americans. In this manner, they were both weakened as well as enriched by their colonization in the Americas.

Thursday, September 12, 2019

Exam questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Exam questions - Essay Example First and foremost, the first question pertaining to the visual material provided is how we can make sure that the human rights laws are adhered to by the public? On that note, the answer to this question should be comprehensively elaborated. Secondly, what are the measures that have been put in place by the government to safe guard the vulnerable groups from human rights violation? Evidently, this question has been discreetly covered in the video and the lecture material provided. Finally, which are some of the organizations that have played a big role in the upholding of human rights laws? On the same point, the answer to this question is brief and is clearly covered in the video. In summation, it is clear that human rights violation are a major setback towards attaining universal development. To this end, the government has played a big role in trying to avert this looming crisis by creating the necessary legislation. ï‚ · Human rights Day. (n.d.). human rights. Retrieved February 13, 2014, from

Wednesday, September 11, 2019

If Jack is the id, Ralph the ego and Piggy the super-ego in Lord of Research Paper

If Jack is the id, Ralph the ego and Piggy the super-ego in Lord of the Flies, which characters are the id, ego and super-ego in The Sun Also Rises - Research Paper Example The paper attempts to identify the Id, Ego and super-ego in the story The Sun Also Rises comparing the roles of the characters with those of Lord of the Flies where Jack is the id, Ralph is the ego and Piggy is the super ego. The first story depicts the power sharing relationship among some British school children that are individualized with their distinct personality traits. But the later projects the life of a group of characters that are driven by different conflicting forces at the same time. It is necessary to mention that the three protagonists of Golding’s story—Jack, Piggy and Ralph are the allegorical representation of the three different components of human psyche. Ralph represents the consciousness of mind (ego) when he is guided by rationality, while Piggy acts as a voice of conscience representing the super-ego. â€Å"Ralph is practical and organized. For him the most important thing is to light a fire so that the boys can be recognized† (Golding, 14). Jack on the other hand is driven by violent desire for power, hunting, aggression and all other primitive impulses. In Hemingway’s story the characters are in fact multi-layered. Jake indulges carnal desires toward s his fiancà ©e Brett but he also recognizes his physical limitation caused by thee war and this torments his moral self. Brett is always in a frolicking mood enjoying temporary passing affairs. But it is also true that she truly loves Jake and her multiple affairs can be arising from her lack of gratification in Jake’s love. For example, when Jake says, â€Å"there’s not a damn thing we could do†(Golding, 26), Brett replies, â€Å" I don’t want to go through that hell again†. She goes to San Sebastian with Cohn, formerly had a relation with Mike, Patched up with Pedro, the bullfighter in no time. But she has an ultimate realization that keeps her from sexual intimacy. Cohn is a character that is comparatively less intricate, dependent on the